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cle • unicamp • brCentre for Logic, Epistemology and the History of Science - CLEHC
State University of Campinas - UNICAMP
P.O. Box 6133, 13083-970
Campinas - SP - Brazil
tel. +55-19-3788-6515
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Latino sine flexione, “Io pensa que il poterea ducer a resultatos fructifere si alicun de iste logicos, qui trova
satisfaction e placer in disveloppar sistemas symbolic, imitarea le exemplo de Leibniz, Descartes, Peano e Couturat,
e dirigerea lor pensamento al problema de projectar un lingua international.” |
Latino sine flexione, Walter A. Carnielli *
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In 1903 le logico e mathematico Giuseppe Peano (1858 - 1932), professor al Universitate de Turin, ubi ille inseniava usque su morte al etate de 73, publicava in le jornal que ille redactava, Revue de Mathématiques, tomo 8, no. 3, octobre 1903, pp. 74-83, il suo “De Latino Sine Flexione”, o Interlingua. Ab ideas de Leibniz e Descartes, Peano diceva que, ben que il latino classic gaudeva de uso international usque al fin del 18ve seculo, Il latino es un lingua troppo difficile; totevia, fortunatemente, un parte solo del lingua suffice pro exprimer non importa qual idea. Le latino exprime le casos grammatic de substantivos con postpositiones o desinentias (terminationes) e anque con de, ad, ex, e altere prepositiones. Le secunde methodo suffice, como in le latino popular e le linguas romance. Peano suggere dunque le abandono de le flexiones del substantivo, e le uso de prepositiones e fide al ordine de parolas. Le regulas que Peano suggere pro establir le forma invariabile del substantivo resulta, generalmente, in o le caso nominative o le caso ablative del latino. Ille suggere le mesmo pro pronomines. Sequente su proprie suggestion ab iste puncto, Peano abandona le flexiones de caso grammatic. Anque, sin perdita de signification, on pote abandonar le generes grammatic (masculin, feminin, e neutre); on los conserva solo in alicun pronomines. In general on non distingue inter le numeros singular e plural; sed quando necessari, on pote scriber explicitemente “un “, “plure “, etc. Pois Peano remove le flexiones del verbo secundo persona, tempore, e modo. Si le contexto non suffice pro indicar le passato o futuro, on emplea adverbios. Peano non aboli inequivocamente le participios presentate, passate, e futur e le gerundio del verbo, ma il demonstra que on pote evitar los (e anque le desinentia del passivo) per prepositiones relative. Le vocabulario de Latino sine Flexione contine non solo le parolas classic in forma standardisate ma anque le vocabulario scientific international (metro, dyne) e cata parola que se trova in duo del linguas neolatin. Pro le pronunciation, Peano prefereva retener illo del latino classic. Comenta Alexander Gode , in “Interlingua -Latino Moderne” que “Al culmine del disveloppamento de latino occidental, illo esseva un idioma uniforme in que innumerabile nativos de Francia, Italia, Espania, Anglaterra, Germania, Polonia, Bohemia viveva e ageva 24 horas omne die. Hodie illes vive e age in francese, italiano, espaniol, anglese . .., e si nos ha signalate que omne iste linguas es plus o minus structurate in le imagine de latino, il non seque que illos non es linguas estranie le unes ab le punctos de vista del alteres.” In 1924 le "International Auxiliary Language Association", IALA (Association pro le Lingua Auxiliar International) esseva constituite legalmente in le Statos Unite como organisation sine scopo lucrative. Peano anunciaba, in 1924, le establimento de IALA in Circulare, le jornal de su Academia pro Interlingua Interlingua moderne nasceva in 1951 con le publication del dictionario interlingua-anglese de Alexander Gode e le grammatica preparate per A. Gode e Hygh E. Blair con le supporto de IALA. Duo differentias principal distingue le prime Latino Sine Flexione o Interlingua de Peano, de le Interlingua de IALA. Primo, Peano conserva un vocabulario plus archaic: on pote usar omne parola trovate in un dictionario latin. Totevia, ille admitte omne parolas moderne international e anque—presumibilemente como formas parallel—omne parolas occurrente in al minus duo del linguas romance. Secundo, Peano suggeriva le abolition del grammatica, ben que le interlingua de IALA conserva le genere e le casos (genitive e dative/accusative in su pronomines personal); le plural de substantivos e pronomines (personal); le articulos definite e indefinite; e le tempore del verbo, le forma del infinitivo, e le modo conditional. In 1912 Peano voleva presentar un discurso in Latino sine Flexione al Quinte Congresso International de Mathematicos in Cambridge (Anglaterra). Le regulationes permitteva discursos solo in anglese, francese, germano e italiano. Ille affirmava alora que su Latino sine Flexione esseva le italiano; ma iste tactica non succedeva, e ille debeva parlar in ver italiano. Totevia, al congresso de Mathematicos in Toronto (Canada) in 1924, on le permitteva pronunciar su conferentia in Latino sine Flexione. In le III Congresso Internazionale super Paraconsistentia (III World Congress on Paraconsistency) Peano poterea parlar in su Interlingua. |
In 1903 the Italian logician Giuseppe Peano, preceded in his ideas by Descartes and Leibniz, published in the "Revue de Mathématiques" vol. 8, no. 3, at pages 74-83 the article “De Latino Sine Flexione” , later called Interlingua, a form of modern Latin without declensions particularly adapted for use in science The principle behind Peano's Interlingua is that it is classical Latin with a minimum grammar. Interlingua is based on the idea that there exists an international vocabulary in the languages of Europe which suffices for most communication, specially for scientific communication. . These are words that occur in at least three languages in similar forms and with the same meanings. By limiting the search just to the major European languages (English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian) one can capture more than 99 % of the international vocabulary. The form by which words, roots, and affixes are to be standardized are the theoretical or historical prototypes for these from which their counterparts in the source languages of Interlingua are transformations according to the characteristics of those languages. Because Latin (and the Greek conveyed through Latin) is the source for much of the international vocabulary, notably in science, the prototype forms are often very close to classical Latin forms. There are, however, modern international words borrowed from the modern languages like "software", "shopping", "computer" (from English), or “robot” ("slave labor", from Slavic roots), or "sushi" (from Japanese), and these enter into Interlingua in those forms. Interlingua furthermore does not focus just on individual words, but on word families built around common roots like 'currer' (run), 'prender' (take), 'caper' (grasp) and a common set of prototypic affixes (ad-, pre-, pro-, -ion, -ive, -ura, etc.). Often these word families are not clearly represented in individual source languages, so Interlingua re-establishes them in their entirety, and thus can be seen as a valuable tools in languages learning. This creates considerable regularity along with a complete naturality. In 1924 the "International Auxiliary Language Association" , IALA was created in the United States as a non-profit organization dedicated to furthering Interlingua as an international language. Interlingua of IALA (the International Auxiliary Language Association) and Interlingua of Peano (Latino sine Flexione) are quite similar in appearance, but they have differences in grammar: Peano favored the abolition of grammar, while IALA´s convention reduced it to a minimum, both however using a common Latin base. Peano took a single existing language Latin and gave it a highly simplified minimum grammar. Interlingua looked for the forms from which the similar international words were derived and established an international vocabulary. This vocabulary was then given a minimum "romance-like" grammar for use of the vocabulary. Although the concept of what constitutes a minimum grammar differs between IALA's Interlingua and that of Peano´s Interlingua, the common idea behind Interlingua argues for itself: more than 80% of this text is just Interlingua with slightly different spelling. |
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| * Iste articulo ha essite liberamente compilate ab le ligamines Internet |
* This note was compiled from Internet sources |
Ligamines, Links, Ligoj.
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Auxilingua Project |
Auxilingua Gmail • com